Sudan Crisis and Ouster of Bashir

GS2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora.


What is the issue?

  • The power transition crisis in Sudan has led to a violent crackdown on pro-democracy protests.

BACKGROUND

  • Sudan has been engulfed by violence for more than a century, even while it was under the British-Egyptian colonial rule.
  • Since independence in 1956, this North African nation has seen sectarian violence, famines and political instability.
  • The latest coup ousting Bashir is the fifth such forcible takeover.
  • Minorities’ resentment (in southern parts of the country) since 1983 led to a bitter civil war that lasted for 22 years and claimed over 20 lakh lives.
  • The region finally seceded in 2011 to form the new country of South Sudan, taking away more than two-thirds of Sudan’s oil reserves.
  • Bashir also pitilessly cracked down on the insurgency in the gold-rich Darfur region.
  • Its Muslim but non-Arab people accused Bashir of only favouring Arab Muslims.
  • A savage militia backed by Bashir used sexual violence, torture, and starvation as methods to suppress dissent.
  • During his three-decade rule, Bashir had outlawed several organisations opposed to his rule such as trade unions.
  • He also jailed or murdered political opponents and journalists.
  • The US designated the repression as ‘genocide’ in 2004.
  • The International Court of Justice in 2009 issued a warrant against Bashir.
Location: Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

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